Training

Pinned sources DeepSeek-V4.1 technical report @ 2cba9e4 · no training code is published · How to read

  1. Start of training
  2. Start of the encoder’s training
  3. Vision encoder: contrastiveDeepSeek-ViT≈ 47B pairsnot statedContrastiveSigLIPViT
  4. Vision encoder: autoregressiveDeepSeek-ViT236Bnot statedNTPViT
  5. DeepSeek-ViT
  6. Pre-training 0–28TDeepSeek-V4.1-Flash28T64KNTPBalanceweight 0.0001not ViTsparse from scratch
  7. Pre-training 28–34TLR decay begins6T64KNTPBalanceweight 0.0001all
  8. Pre-training 34–45TDeepSeek-V4.1-Flash11T1MNTPBalanceweight 0.0001all
  9. DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash-Base
  10. DSpark stageDeepSeek-V4.1-Flashnot statednot statednot statedDSparkDSpark added
  11. SFTDeepSeek-V4.1-Flashnot statednot statedSFTnot statedpost-training changes
  12. RLDeepSeek-V4.1-Flashnot statednot statedRLgroup-relativenot stated
  13. On-policy distillationDeepSeek-V4.1-Flashnot statednot statedOPDover 40 teachersnot stated
  14. DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash
  • tokens, log scale
  • derived: computed from stated numbers
  • context length
  • all parameters train
  • a part trains
  • all but a part trains
  • NTPdashed: concluded, no source names it
  • not stated by the sources
  • the architecture changes
  • checkpoint
  • checkpoint, weights published
  • a join the sources leave unexplained

Vision encoder: autoregressive

×

Stage · DeepSeek-ViT

The encoder is fine-tuned by next-token prediction through a 4B MoE language model, at high resolution; the language model is then discarded.

Tokens
236B
Objective
Next-token prediction, with the encoder connected to a 4B MoE LLM
Resolution
544 × 544 to 1344 × 1344

Not disclosed Whether the 4B LLM trains · Steps · Batch · Learning rate · Optimizer

Why

This stage is there to sharpen the encoder’s fine-grained visual features, at the resolutions pre-training will use. DeepSeek-V4.1 report §4.2.2, p. 23

All settings4
Objective
Next-token prediction, with the encoder connected to a 4B MoE LLM
Tokens
236B, over datasets including image captions, alt text, charts and OCR
Resolution
Between 544 × 544 and 1344 × 1344, out-of-bound images scaled proportionally
Trainable
The vision encoder is fine-tuned; the LLM is discarded after the stage, and whether it trains is not stated
Sources1